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Volume 38 / No. 3 / 2004
Original articles
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Subject Index, volume 38
Author Index, volume 38
Endocrine Regulations (since 1967 to 1990 Endocrinologia Experimentalis) is an international journal on experimental and clinical endocrinology edited quarterly in English by care of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (Bratislava, Slovakia) and published by the Slovak Academic Press (Bratislava, Slovakia).
This journal aims to publish original manuscripts or minireviews on experimental and clinical endocrinology and diabetes.
The submission of a manuscript to Endocrine Regulations implies that it has not been previously published or is not being submitted for publication elsewhere and that the manuscript has been approved by all authors who are ready to take public responsibility for the content.
All materials relating to human investigation will be published upon the understanding that design of the work has been approved by the local Ethical Committee or that it conforms to ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The animal experiments should state the conformance to guidelines on animal care.
Manuscripts in triplicate with three sets of illustrations (of which one is an original) should be sent to:
Richard Kvetnansky, Ph.D., Dr.Sc., Chief Editor,
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology,
Vlárska 3, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
All text must be printed on one side of the sheet only with appropriate margins and double spacing to give adequate space for editorial notes. The corresponding author should indicate his/her full mailing address including phone and fax numbers and the e-mail address.
Manuscripts on disc. The submissions of manuscripts prepared on 3.5 inch discs on IBM compatible computers is encouraged, the preferred word processors being Microsoft Word. However, also in this case the disc must be accompanied by three hard copies of the manuscript. The disk should be labelled by the name of the first author, type of word processor, its version and file name and must also accompany the final version of the manuscript.
Types of manuscripts. Standard original papers should contain following sections: * Title, * Abstract (divided into sections Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusions), * Key Words, * Introduction, * Materials and Methods (in clinical papers this section should read * Subjects and Methods), * Results, * Discussion, (* Acknowledgements), * References. There is no length limit for these papers.
Minireviews should give an overview of a defined field preferably of author,s own professional interest and experience. They should not exceed 25 typed pages including complete References and should usually contain * Abstract, * Key Words, * Individual sections and subsections, * References.
Title page should give * the title of the article (main key words should be preferably included into the title to give sufficient information to allow the reader to judge the relevance of a paper to his field), * full names of authors, * institute of origin, * short title (running head), * name and full address of corresponding author including phone and fax numbers and e-mail naddress as well.
Abstract should clearly indicate the purpose of the study (Objective), basic procedures (Methods), main findings (Results) and principal conclusions (Conclusions). New and original findings should be emphasized, clearly defined and defended. The abstract must be easily understood indepenently of the full text of the paper
Key Words. Up to 8 key words (in exceptional cases even more) should be carefully selected to give appropriate information to the users of international information networks.
Introduction should give a brief overview of background informations and clearly define the purpose of the study...
Materials and Methods (in clinical manuscripts Subjects and Methods) should give full informations sufficient to allow others to repeat the work. It is recommended to divide it into subsections. Established and routine methods (if not considerably modified) should be just cited by the appropriate references, the modifications being briefly but clearly described. Statistical methods should be clearly described.
Results should describe concisely and clearly the results in logical sequence. Any interpretations should be avoided and definitely shifted to the Discussion. Do not repeat Materials and Methods, and do not repeat the data presented in tables and figures.
Discussion. Do not simply repeat the data presented in Introduction and Results section. Define and emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow. Relate results to other relevant studies, interpret them and explain the differences, if any. Working hypotheses and theories may be briefly outlined.
Acknowledgements. This short section, if necessary, contains acknowledgements of personal and/or financial assistance.
References. Begin this section on a new page. References should be assembled in alphabetical order according to the first author. More than one paper from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c etc. placed after the year of publication. All listed references must be cited in the text by the first author et al. and the year (in a case of two authors only cite both). Following possibilities are recommended: (1) Brown and White (1993) found that ...; (2) ... as observed by Black et al. (1992); (3) ... as previously reported by several authors (Black et al. 1992; Brown and White 1993; Green et al. 1995).
The names of authors in the text and in references should be typed in small letters and underlined (e.g. White and Brown). The volume should be typed in bold.
The style for the list of references is as follows:
A.Journal Articles:
Itoh M, Okugawa T, Shiratori N, Ohashi H: Treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) against multinodular goiter fails to prevent the onset of Graves disease. Endocrine Regul 29, 151-156, 1995B. Book Chapters:
Mornex R, Orgiazzi JJ: Hyperthyroidism. In: The Thyroid Gland (Ed. M de Visscher), pp. 279-362, Raven Press, New York 1980
C. Books:
Podoba J: Endemic goiter in Slovakia. VEDA, Bratislava, 1962
The statement “in press” may be used only for a paper accepted for publication in the indicated journal. Unpublished data or Personal communication may be used in the text, but must not be listed in References.
Tables should be constructed as simply as possible, typed on separate sheets and numbered consecutively with Arabic numeral. There should be a short and descriptive heading and appropriate footnotes. Not more than 4 vertical rows should be used in a table planned to occupy one column and not more than 8-10 rows for that designed for two columns of a page.
Figures should be prepared in proportional way with lettering of appropriate size in order to permit such reduction in size to occupy either one or two columns on the page. Drawings (graphs, charts, diagrams etc.) should be submitted either as original or camera ready glossy photographs. Computer generated graphs must be printed by high quality laser printers on high quality camera ready paper. High quality photographs should be submitted on glossy paper.
Units of Measurement. Results should be expressed in SI units.
Abbreviations. Non-standard abbreviations should be properly defined in the text the first time they are used.
There are no page charges. Reprints order forms are sent to the corresponding author together with galley proofs. Color illustrations may be published for extra charges.
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Chang Li1, Yoshifumi Hirooka1, Satoshi Habu2, Junko Takagi1, Minehiro Gotoh1, Tsuyoshi Nogimori3
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine,
2 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Aichi and
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Konanshowa Hospital, Konan, Aichi, Japan, E-mail: labmed@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
Summary:
Objective. To identify the distribution of thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of glycoprotein hormone subunits (A2 and B5) by immunohistochemistry in the rat tissues using specific antipeptide antiserum which we recently produced.
Method. Anti-thyrostimulin antibody was raised in New Zealand white rabbits immunized with a conjugate of synthetic A2 or B5 with bovine serum albumin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed by avidin-biotin complex method.
Results. Thyrostimulin immunoreactivity was visualized in the anterior pituitary, central nervous system, adrenal gland, stomach, duodenum, pancreas and testis. When using antiserum preincubated with synthetic peptides or rat pituitary homogenate which contains thyrostimulin peptide, no significant stain of the pituitary was detected.
Conclusion. These findings suggest that thyrostimulin is widely distributed and that the method used is valuable in studying the distribution of thyrostimulin in rats.
Key words: Thyrostimulin - Immunohistochemistry - Glycoprotein hormone subunits - A2 antibody - B5 antibody
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS, Vol. 38, 131-142, 2004
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Jozef Rovensky J1, Zofia Radikova2, Richard Imrich2, Ondrej Greguska1, Milan Vigas2, Ladislav Macho2
1 National Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia;
2 Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, E-mail: rovensky.jozef@nurch.sk
Summary:
Objectives. Gonadal and adrenal steroids were shown to affect multiple immune processes including inflammatory response. These effects were documented, specifically, through an influence on local productions of cytokines and the functions of synovial cells at the site of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of selected hormones in synovial fluid of knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with osteoarthrosis (OS, control group).
Methods. The concentrations of cortisol (CORT), 17-ß-estradiol (ES), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (TE), progesterone (PRG), and aldosterone (ALD) were determined in plasma and synovial fluid.
Results. Significant positive correlations between the levels in plasma and synovial fluids were observed in hormones ES, PRG, TE, DHEA and ALD. In most hormones, the levels in synovial fluids were similar as in plasma; however, the content of ALD was higher in synovial fluid as compared to plasma. Higher levels of ES (in females), DHEA (in males), and ALD were observed in plasma and synovial fluids of RA patients as compared to OS patients. After adjustment to age, no significant RA vs. OS difference was noted in ES, TE, DHEA, PRG, and CORT in plasma and synovial fluid. Age-adjusted ALD concentration tended to be higher in synovial fluid of RA patients as compared to OS patients. The ratio of ES/TE concentrations in synovial fluid was significantly higher in male RA patients compared to OS group. Also the ES/CS and ES/DHEA ratios in synovial fluid were elevated in RA patients in comparison to controls.
Conclusions. These results demonstrated the prevalence of pro-inflammatory hormones in synovial fluid of RA patients, suggesting the possible role of these steroid hormones in inflammatory processes.
Key words: Steroid hormones - Synovial fluid - Plasma - Human subjects - Rheumatoid arthritis - Osteoarthrosis
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS, Vol. 38, 143–149, 2004
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Olha Roman1,2, Janette Seres1, Marie Pometlova1, Jana Jurcovicova2
1 Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;
2 Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
Summary:
Objective. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) selected from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain represent an animal model of human essential hypertension. This strain of rats is known by excessive neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses under stress. The aim of the present study was: 1. To compare the reactivity of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis (HPA) to acute mild stress of handling between SHR and WKY rats, 2. to compare the behavioral activity of both strains under basal conditions and during chronic unpredictable emotional stress.
Methods. Seven to eight weeks old male SHR and WKY rats bred in the Physiological Institute, Academy of Sciences of he Czech Republic (Prague) were used. Acute stress was induced by 2-minute handling of the animals in their cage. Blood plasma was analyzed for ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) by specific radioimmunoassay. Chronic unpredictable stress lasted 20 days and consisted of random exposures to following interventions: Light on or off for 24 h, overcrowding i.e. pooling the rats from two cages into one (size 24 x 39 x 23 cm) for 24 h, isolation by placing a single rat into one cage for 24 h, new hierarchy by mixing 4 rats from two different cages for 24 h, limited access to food or water for 1 hour in one day between 3 and 6 p.m., inescapable foot shock (20 shocks, duration 5 s, intensity 10 mA, intershock interval 30 s), tilting the cages for 24 h. The sequence of individual stress exposures was the same in all rats. On day 6, 10 and 20, behavioral activity was measured using the elevated plus-maze in non-stressed control and stressed rats. The results were evaluated by non parametrical Kruskal -Wallis test followed by Man-Whitney U- test.
Results. The two-minute handling resulted in a significantly higher activation of HPA in the SHR than in the WKY rats (plasma ACTH: 350 ± 65 pg/ml for SHR vs. 97 ± 17 pg/ml for WKY p<0.01; plasma corticosterone: 2.8±1.4 mg/100ml for SHR vs. 0.7±0.06 mg/100ml for WKY p<0.05). In WKY rats no activation of HPA was observed. Elevated plus-maze anxiety test showed inverse behavioral pattern between SHR and WKY rats. In the first test of anxiety the number of open arm entries (OAE) as well as total mobility expressed as total arm entries of the SHR was lower than of the WKY rats (p<0.01) without any difference between stressed and non-stressed animals in either strain. It was gradually increasing in stressed and non-stressed SHR in subsequent sessions markedly exceeding the activity of WKY rats (p<0.01). Stressed WKY rats showed less OAE and total mobility than their controls (p<0.01).
Conclusions. Our results show enhanced neuroendocrine response to acute handling and enhanced anxiety in acute novelty stress in SHR comparing to WKY rats which suggests a common mechanisms for neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. These results further underline the lack of anxiety related behavior of SHR under chronic emotional stress.
Key words: SHR - WKY rats - Handling - ACTH - Corticosterone - Chronic emotional stress - Elevated plus-maze
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS, Vol. 38, 151–155, 2004
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Chang Li1, Yoshifumi Hirooka1, Tomoko Yasaka2, Junko Takagi1, Minehiro Gotoh1, Tsuyoshi Nogimori3
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine,
2 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Aichi and
3 Department of Internal Medicine, Konanshowa Hospital, Konan, Aichi (Japan), E-mail: labmed@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
Summary:
Objective. To develop radioimmunoassay for aquaporin-9(AQP9) and search for its presence in certain rat tissues.
Methods. Anti-AQP9 antiserum has been raised in New Zealand white rabbits immunized with a conjugate of synthetic AQP9 with bovine serum albumin. Radioiodination of AQP9 was performed by chloramin T method followed by purification of radioiodinated material on Sephadex G-25 column.
Results. The obtained antibody did not crossreact with other aquaporins, hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, neuropeptides or gut hormones. The assay was performed with a double antibody system. AQP9 was extracted from the tissues with acid acetone. The dilution curve of acid acetone extracts of rat liver in the radioimmunoassay system was parallel to the standard curve. The recovery of tissue AQP9 was about 90 %, and the intra-assay and inter-assay variations were 4.8 % and 7.9 %, respectively. AQP9 was found in the liver, testis and brain.
Conclusion. These data suggest that this assay system is suitable for the estimation of AQP9 in the tissues.
Key words: Aquaporin-9 - Liver - Testis - Brain - Radioimmunoassay
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS, Vol. 38, 157–160, 2004
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Beata Misztal-Dethloff, Henryk Stepien, Jan Komorowski
Institute of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-425 Lodz, Poland, e-mail: komorowski.j@wp.pl
Summary:
Objective. The aim of this study was to check if leptin influences the proliferative activity and vascular endothelial grofth factor (VEGF) release from cultured mouse endothelial cells in vitro.
Methods. The murine cell line HECa10 obtained from endothelial cells of mouse peripheral lymph nodes immortalised by transfection of plasmid with the gene for the large T antigen of Simian virus 40 was used in the experiments. The proliferative activity of HECa10 cells was studied by Mosmann and VEGF release by ELISA methods.
Results. Murine leptin in concentrations from 5 to 25 ng/ml stimulated the proliferative activity of 72 h endothelial cell cultures and in concentrations from 0.5 to 25 ng/ml augmented the release of VEGF into supernatants of 24 h and 72 h cultured cells.
Conclusion. Leptin stimulated proliferation and VEGF secretion of endothelial cells in vitro.
Key words: Angiogenesis - Leptin - Endothelial cells - Vascular endothelial growth factor
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS, Vol. 38, 161–166, 2004
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Adela Penesova, Zofia Radikova
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia, e-mail: Adela.Penesova@savba.sk
Summary:
Objective. Three-sampled oral glucose tolerance test is the most frequently used method for evaluation of impairment of glucose homeostasis in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study was to answer the question if insulin sensitivity indices (ISI) calculated from standard 3-sampled oral glucose tolerance test (3SoGTT) provide adequate information compared to the outcome when calculated from frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (FSoGTT).
Methods. A total of 73 subjects (aged 17-59 years, BMI 17.9- 41.8 kg/m2) underwent a standard frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (FSoGTT). Selected indices of insulin sensitivity were calculated using plasma glucose and insulin concentrations from FSoGTT and from samples obtained in 0, 60 and 120 min of the oGTT (3SoGTT). Areas under the peripheral concentration curves of insulin and glucose (AUCi, AUCg) from both approaches were compared.
Results. Insulin sensitivity calculated from 3SoGTT was significantly higher compared to the sensitivity calculated from FSoGTT expressed as insulin sensitivity indices ISI Cederholm (ISI(Ced)) and ISI Matsuda (ISI(Mat)), p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively. There was a difference in AUCg between values estimated from 3SoGTT and FSoGTT (p<0.05). These differences nearly disappeared when the BMI groups (normal weight and overweight/obese) were evaluated separately. No differences were found in AUCi and the AUCg : AUCi ratio between two approaches.
Conclusions. It might be supposed that on using 3SoGTT the ISI(Mat) provides greater objectivity in assessing insulin sensitivity than ISI(Ced). Although insulin sensitivity is overestimated when calculated from 3SoGTT, the approach is still valuable for identifying subjects with insulin resistance.
Key words: Glucose - Insulin - Insulin sensitivity indices - Glucose tolerance
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS, Vol. 38, 167–171, 2004
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