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Volume 43 / No. 4 / 2000
SAMUEL BREČKA
K ľ ú č o v é s l o v á: nové informačné a komunikačné technológie – informačná spoločnosť – Bangemannova správa – akčný plán – G 7 o informačnej spoločnosti – fórum informačnej spoločnosti – život a práca v informačnej spoločnosti – priority – propagácia informačnej spoločnosti
Media Policy of the European Union – III
Keywords: new information and communication technologies – information society – Bangenmann’s report – Action Plan – G7 Ministerial Conference on the global information society – Information Society Forum – Living and Working in the Information Society – PROMISE – Public sector information – eEurope
In the last part of his study, the author deals with new and topic issue of the European Union’s media policy, which is placed on the interface between media, telecommunications and new information technologies. It is the policy aimed to prepare the Europe to enter the information society. Going out from respective documents, the author describes the basic stages of this process. He begins with so called Bangenmann’s report ”Europe and the global information society – Recommendations to the European Council” from 1994. The report highlighted the need to speed up the process of liberalisation while, at the same time, consolidating the universal service. The report also specifies that financing information infrastructure is mainly the responsibility of the private sector. The report also proposes a list of ten initiatives aimed at demonstrating the feasibility and usefulness of new telematic applications. Further the author introduces the European Commission’s report ”Europe’s way to the information society: An Action Plan” that formulated a general framework within which actions in the different fields relating to the information society will be structured and mutually consolidated. In addition, the article briefly refers to the G7 Ministerial Conference on the global information society from 1995. It mentions the decision of the Commission to set up the Information Society Forum in February 1995 in order to create a new and authoritative source of reflection, debate and advice on the challenges of the Information Society. The Green Paper ”Living and Working in the Information Society: People First” examines how Information and Communication technologies are reshaping production and work organisation and are transforming people’s lives. In the closing part of the study the author refers to another three activities of the European Union: 1. PROMISE program that aims at increasing public awareness and understanding of the potential impact of the Information Society and its new applications throughout Europe, stimulating people’s motivation and ability to participate in the change to the Information Society; 2. Green Paper on ”Public sector information: a key resource for Europe”, a report on how the information gathered by government departments and other public bodies can be used to provide the greatest benefit to citizens and businesses in Europe; 3. Initiative entitled ”eEurope – An Information society for All”, which proposes ambitious targets to bring the benefits of the Information Society within reach of all Europeans.
pp. 282-289
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JURAJ VOJTEK
Genres of English Written News
Keywords: news and opinion texts – notion of news – hard news and soft news (or feature stories) – structure of inverted pyramid – its components – non-existence of standardised form of soft news
This is the first ever study of this kind in the Slovak literature that deals with genres of English written journalism. It starts from definitions of news, which can be found in professional works (textbooks, handbooks) but also in lingual and journalistic specialised dictionaries and encyclopaedias. There are plenty of them but they do not have high standards. It is because the study of genres in these countries is rather undeveloped and majority of literature that deals with them is practically or pragmatically oriented.
In accordance with Anglo-American tradition, the author divides news into so called hard news and soft news (or feature stories). He refers to their differences, mainly in their structures. He deals with individual components of news, that is, with its lead (introduction), body (core) and conclusion. As relatively narrowly defined structure of inverted pyramid is typical for the hard news (in our country known and used mainly in the service of press agencies), the author examines primarily this category of news. Contrary to the hard news, the soft news does not have any dominant structure. In a way, this category of news removes biases of excessive schematisation that is typical for the first category of news texts and makes them lighter. This category of news allows journalist to apply an original approach to the fact. However, the original approach is possible in writing the hard news as well.
The aim of the study is to make the Slovak reader – and mainly active journalist – familiar with the genres of journalism that could during its whole existence benefit from the incomparable better conditions than the Slovak journalism. Now, when also the Slovak news writing is in the process of rehabilitation, inspirations from Anglo-Saxon journalism may belong to the sources for its further development.
pp. 290-299
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JOZEF DARMO
K ľ ú č o v é s l o v á : novinári v povojnových zmenách v slovenskom novinárstve – vznik povojnovej novinárskej organizácie – slovenskí novinári v zápase o demokraciu a slobodu tlače – novinárske politické čistky v rokoch 1945–1948
Journalists in Historical Breaks of Power and Politics (1918–1945; 1945–1948)
Keyword: politicization and ideologisation of journalistic profession in the 20th century – journalist in Czechoslovak democracy of 1918–1938 – historical, geopolitical changes and political and legal status of journalist – collapse of Czechoslovak Republic and birth of the Slovak Republic – the years of 1939–1945 and journalists – journalist in the postwar journalism – establishing of postwar journalists organization – the Slovak journalists in the struggle for democracy and freedom of the press – cleanings among journalists in 1945–1948.
The twenties century was a century of the media. The social development brought the mass media: press, radio, television and, at the end of the century, also Internet a teletext. The journalism was fully established as a specific form of social communication as well as a profession with wide range of activities and specializations. Mass communication became an important attribute of social organization, political systems, self-regulation, management as well as tool for gaining and maintaining the power. Phenomena of political power and of public opinion together with political journalism came up. Too, relationship of journalism, journalists and political power is established. Democratic but also totalitarian systems (of dictators or one political party) aimed to control – ideologically and politically – journalism, journalists, and to corrupt them economically and to campaign against them by power, legal repressions and cleanings.
pp. 300-307
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VIERA LEHOCZKÁ
K ľ ú č o v é s l o v á : kultúra – elektronické médiá – Slovenský rozhlas – kultúrna publicistika – relácia – programový blok – magazín – redakcia – poslucháč
pp. 308-312
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ĽUBOMÍR HORNÍK
pp. 313-321
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PAVEL HORŇÁK
pp. 322-329
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LUDMILA TRUNECKOVÁ
pp. 330-335
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MIROSLAV JUZA
pp. 336-340
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PAVOL HOLEŠTIAK
Kľúčové slová: Slováci v Austrálii – emigrácia – história krajanskej žurnalistiky – krajanská periodická tlač
pp. 341-346
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